1. Vogt striae (Vogt lines) are seen in
A. Keratoconus✓
B. Keratoglobus
C. Corneal degeneration
D. Pterygium
Explanation:- Vogt's striae are vertical (rarely horizontal) fine, whitish lines in the deep/posterior stroma and Descemet's membrane commonly found in patients with keratoconus
2. stocker's line on the cornea is seen in cases of
A. Keratoconus
B. Keratoglobus
C. Corneal degeneration
D. Pterygium✓
Explanation:- the vertical line at the head of the pterygium is known as Stocker's line.
3. stocker's line is due to deposition of
A. Iron✓
B. Copper
C. Sodium
D. Calcium
Explanation:- Fleischer's ring in keratoconus, Hudson-Stähli's line in the corneal scar, Ferry's line in filtering bleb, and Stocker's line in pterygium, all these are due to iron deposition.
4. Mittendorf’s dot is located on
A. Cornea
B. Iris
C. Lens✓
D. Retina
Explanation:- A Mittendorf dot is a small, circular opacity on the posterior lens capsule, classically nasal in location, which represents the anterior attachment of the hyaloid artery. The hyaloid artery is present during gestation and typically regresses completely. Failure to do so can lead to benign findings, such as a Mittendorf dot or a Bergmeister's papilla, or pathologic changes as seen in persistent fetal vasculature syndrome. Mittendorf dot may be seen in association with posterior polar cataract
5. Fischer-Khunt spot is located on
A. Cornea
B. Sclera✓
C. Iris
D. Lens
Explanation:- Senile scleral opaque, area of hyalinised sclera anterior horizontal rectus muscle insertion. Seen in old age.
6. Anatomically optic disc is located on which side of the macula
A. Nasal✓
B. Temporal
C. Central
D. Opposite
Explanation:- The nasal side of the retina corresponds to the temporal field of vision. That's why in perimetry blind spot is on the temporal side
7. Macula lutea is also known as
A. Blindspot
B. Red spot
C. Yellow spot✓
D. Optic disc
8. Koplik’s spots are seen on
A. Conjunctiva✓
B. Cornea
C. Iris
D. Retina
Explanation:- Koplik’s spots on the conjunctiva are seen in patients with measles infection.
9. Vossius ring is seen on
A. Cornea
B. Iris
C. Lens✓
D. Retina
Explanation:- Vossius ring occurs due to compression of the pigmented posterior iris epithelial cells and/or pupillary ruff against the anterior lens capsule blunt injury to the eye. Rupture of the cells causes deposition of a circular line of melanin pigment on the lens capsule
10. In which of the following condition, cattle truck appearance is seen:
A. Retinal neovascularization
B. BRVO
C. CRVO
D. CRAO✓
11. Cotton wool spots are seen in
A. non-ischaemic CRVO
B. Diabetic retinopathy
C. Hypertensive retinopathy
D. All✓
12. Roth spots are seen in
A. Leukemic retinopathy✓
B. ARMD
C. ROP
D. CRAO
13. Cherry Red spots are seen in
A. CRVO
B. CRAO✓
C. ARMD
D. BRVO
14. In perimetry, the blind spot is located on which side
A. Nasal
B. Temporal✓
C. Central
D. Anywhere
15. Enlargement of blind spot is not seen in
A. Primary open-angle glaucoma
B. Primary angle-closure glaucoma✓
C. papilledema
D. Optic disc drusen
16. In the Kayser-Fleischer ring, deposits are seen in which layer of the cornea
A. Bowman's membrane
B. Descemet's membrane✓
C. Stroma
D. Endothelium
17. Kayser-Fleischer ring is an ophthalmic sign of
A. Wilson's disease✓
B. Down syndrome
C. Tuberculosis
D. AIDS
18. Fleischer ring is due to deposition of
A. Iron✓
B. Copper
C. Sodium
D. Calcium
Explanation:- Fleischer rings are pigmented rings in the peripheral cornea, resulting from iron deposition in keratoconus. Kayser-Fleischer rings are caused by copper deposits in Descemet's membrane of the cornea
19. Arlt’s line is seen with
A. Membranous conjunctivitis
B. Trachoma✓
C. Pterygium
D. Conjunctival xerosis
20. Soemmering’s ring is seen in
A. Cornea
B. Iris
C. Lens✓
D. Retina
21. Bitot's spots are seen on
A. Conjunctiva✓
B. Cornea
C. Sclera
D. Retina
22. Brushfield spots are seen on
A. Cornea
B. Iris✓
C. Lens
D. Retina
23. Foster-Fuchs’ spot at the macula is seen in
A. Pathological myopia✓
B. ARMD
C. UV burn to eye
D. Retinal detachment
24. Weiss ring is associated with
A. Proliferative vitreous detachment✓
B. Retinal detachment
C. Macular degeneration
D. After cataract
25. Wessley ring is located on
A. Cornea✓
B. Lens
C. Iris
D. Retina
26. Ehrlich-Turck Lines are seen in
A. Uveitis✓
B. Retinal detachment
C. papilledema
D. Pathological myopia
27. Corneal ring infiltrates are the classical sign of
A. Acanthamoeba keratitis✓
B. Superficial punctate keratitis
C. Herpes simplex keratitis
D. Keratomalacia
Explanation:- Corneal ring infiltrates are the classical sign of Acanthamoeba keratitis, it is also seen rarely with a bacterial infection like staphylococcus. Ring of stromal infiltrate (Wessley immune ring) is seen in herpes simplex infection
28. In Corneal graft rejection, the Khodadoust line is present on layer
A. Epithelium
B. Stroma
C. Descemet's membrane
D. Endothelium✓
Explanation:- In corneal graft rejection, Krachmer spots are seen in Bowman's membrane.
29. In xerophthalmia, bitots spots appear on
A. Conjunctiva✓
B. Sclera
C. Cornea
D. Retina
30. Elschnig spots are seen in
A. Hypertensive choroidopathy✓
B. Diabetic retinopathy
C. After cataract
D. Cicatricial ectropion
Explanation:- Elschnig's spots: seen in Hypertensive choroidopathy Elschnig's pearls(Elschnig's bodies): a type of after cataract
- Elschnig's scleral ring: Scleral ring is a white circular band that separates the intrapapillary region of the optic disc from the peripapillary area.
- The scleral ring itself does not belong to the optic disc. This is important for all optic disc measurements because the inclusion of the scleral ring as part of the optic disc falsely enlarges the neuroretinal rim & decreases the cup/disc ratio.
- Loss of the nerve fiber layer in Glaucoma can make the scleral ring more visible due to loss of overlying tissue.
Elschnig's conjunctivitis: Chronic conjunctivitis associated with hyperplasia of the tarsal gland and the frothy secretions
- Z-plasty (Elschnig's operation): is useful to correct mild to moderate degree of cicatricial Ectropion.
- Elschnig's syndrome(Elschnig’s complex): Also known as Blepharo-cheilo-dentin (BCD) syndrome. Features include ectropion of lower eyelids, distichiasis of upper eyelids, euryblepharon(symmetrical enlargement of the palpebral aperture associated with large eyelids), bilaterally cleft lip/palate, oligodontia, and conical crown form. Initially known under the eponym Elschnig syndrome.
- Elschnig's theory: Elschnig suggested the anaphylactic theory of the pathogenesis of sympathetic ophthalmia. According to this theory, it is not a question of a particular infection, but of an anaphylactoid inflammation against the body’s own uvea tissue.
- Under certain conditions, uvea tissue damaged by trauma will act as an antigen and subsequently occasion a sensibilization of the body’s own uvea albumin. This causes anaphylactic uveitis on the undamaged eye.
- Elschnig's intracapsular forceps: fine untoothed forceps for holding tissue, swabs, sutures, etc; removing things like clots, capsule fragments, lens, etc; used in cataract surgery
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Very informative
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